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This case study in Indonesia highlights the multiple and interrelated threats brought about by climate change, especially of women in selected villages from Lumajang and Bulukumba Regencies. The findings show that ecological pressures are intertwined with unequal land tenure structures and governance. Uncertain land tenure limits farmers’—particularly women’s—capacity for long-term land management and climate adaptation, while climate change exacerbates agrarian risks by reducing productivity and livelihoods, disproportionately affecting women due to restricted land access under gender-biased inheritance norms and State land arrangements. The study aims to contribute to mainstreaming land rights in climate change discourse, undertaken as part of GFAiR’s Collective Action on Land Tenure and Climate Change, coordinated by ANGOC and funded by the European Commission.
